#persuasion

Dividing Language Features and literary devices into imaginative and persuasive categories is somewhat arbitrary. All of the Imaginative Language Features listed may be found in persuasive texts, and used for persuasion, however the following are specifically persuasive. And are seperated into Categories based on Modes of Persuasion

Pathos

FeatureMeaning
AnaphoraThe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
Attacks and praiseAffirming one idea or person while criticising their opposite.
ColloquialismUsing vernacular or even slang language, often to appeal to the ‘everyday’ person.
CumulationSometimes called the ‘rule of three’, cumulation refers to the accumulation (heaping up) of descriptive words or phrases.
Emotive LanguageLanguage that is highly emotional, designed to provoke an emotional response in the audience
EmphasisThe devices of repetition, alliteration or Cumulation, used to add emphasiss to or reinforce an idea.
GeneralisationA statement that is expanded from a specific situation to a broad one, suggesting that what is true for some is true for most or all.
HyperboleA deliberate exaggeration not meant to be taken literally.
Inclusive languageLanguage such as personal pronouns (e.g. ‘we’, ‘us’, ‘our’), that makes the audience feel included in the writer’s argument.
LitotesAn ironic understatement in which an idea is expressed as not being its oppositite (e.g. ‘not at all bad’)
RepetitionThe use of a key phrase, idea or image at multiple points.
Rhetorical questionA question that is posed not ti elicit an answer but to enocourage that audience to think

Logos

FeatureMeaning
AphorismA Short statement of belief or opinion that is expressed as a truth
EvidenceFacts or examples used to support an argument
Expert OpinionsThe inclusion of quotes or research from those who might be considered credible sources of information on the topic
Formal LanguageLanguage that conforms to the proper rules of grammar and is appropriate to address an educated or unfamiliar audience.
JargonTerminology that is specific to or part of the discourse of a topic
StatisticsThe presentation and analysis of data, often expressed numerically.
TricolonA series of three words, phrases, or sentences that are parallel in structure, length, and/or rhythm, adding weight to a point.

Ethos

FeatureMeaning
AnecdoteA short, personal story about an experience of the speaker or writer, used to establish their familiarty with the topic
CredentialsReferences to the writer or speaker’s qualifications or past experience to add credibility.
TestimonialsEndorsements from experts or celebrities in support of the speaker or writer.